graalvm-quarkus-micronaut-springboot

The goal of this project is to compare some Java Microservices Frameworks like: Quarkus, Micronaut and Spring Boot. For it, we will implement applications using those frameworks, build their JVM and Native Docker images and measure start-up times, memory footprint, etc.

Proof-of-Concepts & Articles

On ivangfr.github.io, I have compiled my Proof-of-Concepts (PoCs) and articles. You can easily search for the technology you are interested in by using the filter. Who knows, perhaps I have already implemented a PoC or written an article about what you are looking for.

Additional Readings

• [Medium] Java Microservice Framework’s Battles: Quarkus vs Micronaut vs Spring Boot
• [Medium] Unveiling the Java Microservice Frameworks Battle: Insights, Earnings, and GitHub Contributions
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.7.2 vs. Micronaut 4.3.1 vs. Spring Boot 3.2.2
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.12.0 vs. Micronaut 4.5.0 vs. Spring Boot 3.3.1
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.14.2 vs. Micronaut 4.6.1 vs. Spring Boot 3.3.3
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.15.1 vs. Micronaut 4.6.3 vs. Spring Boot 3.3.4
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.21.0 vs. Micronaut 4.7.6 vs. Spring Boot 3.4.4
• [Medium] Battle: Quarkus 3.24.3 vs. Micronaut 4.9.0 vs. Spring Boot 3.5.3

Categories

• simple-api

• jpa-mysql

• kafka

• elasticsearch

Latest Framework Version Used

Framework	Version
Quarkus	3.34.3
Micronaut	4.10.11
Spring Boot	4.0.5

Thread Pool Configuration

For fair benchmarking across frameworks, the Quarkus and Micronaut applications are configured to use 200 worker threads, matching Spring Boot's default Tomcat thread pool.

Framework	Configuration Property	Default (without config)
Spring Boot	Tomcat default	200
Quarkus	quarkus.thread-pool.max-threads=200	Math.max(8×CPU, 200)
Micronaut	Tomcat default	200

Prerequisites

• Java 17 or higher;
• A containerization tool (e.g., Docker, Podman, etc.)
• Bash 4.0 or higher (macOS ships with Bash 3.2; install via brew install bash)

Docker Images

The application’s JVM and Native Docker images can be found in this Docker Hub link.

Bash scripts

We've implemented bash scripts to build, manage, and verify Docker images for the frameworks comparison.

• build-docker-images.sh Packages JAR files (via Maven) and builds Docker images for JVM or Native applications. Supports targeting all apps, by framework (quarkus/micronaut/springboot), by type (simple-api/jpa-mysql/kafka/elasticsearch), or specific apps.

• remove-docker-images.sh Removes Docker images. Supports targeting all, by framework, by type, or specific apps.

• push-docker-images.sh Pushes Docker images to Docker Hub (or another registry). Supports targeting all, by framework, by type, or specific apps.

• tag-docker-images.sh Tags local Docker images with specific version tags (e.g., v1.0, latest). Supports targeting all, by framework, by type, or specific apps.

• verify-docker-images.sh Starts Docker containers and runs HTTP tests to verify applications are working correctly. Tests different scenarios: simple-api, jpa-mysql, kafka (producer/consumer), elasticsearch. Also exports results to CSV.

Common options for all scripts:

• --builder=BUILDER — Container builder (podman or docker)
• --quarkus-version=TAG — Quarkus image tag
• --micronaut-version=TAG — Micronaut image tag
• --springboot-version=TAG — Spring Boot image tag
• --dry-run — Show what would be done without executing
• -h, --help — Show help

Support

If you find this useful, consider buying me a coffee:

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.